DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 89S52 BASED UPS

Perambalur (expertsyssol@yahoo.com)

 

ABSTRACT

UPS control using micro controller is highly reliable less complex and economical when compared the conventional UPS system. This paper explains about the design and implementation of UPS using micro controller. The micro controller is mainly used for control applications. So, micro controller is used for this proposed work. The main function of the UPS (uninterrupted power supply) is to provide an uninterrupted power supply and it should function automatically when the mains supply cutoff. This automatic function in the conventional UPS is done by control system. It involves certain complex work. So, in this proposed work, micro controller does the automation of the UPS. Some of the automatic functions to be done by the micro controller are overload protection, no load release, deep discharge cutoff and inverter operation.

There are different types of micro controller families. In this proposed work, the micro controller-89S52 because of its high on chip ROM capacity, RAM capacity, serial ports, input ports, etc. The micro controller 89S52 is superior in its memory capacity. This micro controller is best suited for fast development. Since flash memory can be erased in few seconds compared to the twenty minutes or more needed for the 8751. By this, 89S51 is used to eliminate the waiting time needed to erase the chip and thereby speedup the development time. It is a 40 pin micro controller in which 3 pins are used for serial interfacing, i.e., one acts as receiver another acts a transmitter and the third as ground. By this we can interface any components serially, it has 4 ports, port 0, port 1,port 2 and port 3 and it is used for various functions of UPS such as on load release, deep discharge cutoff and so on. This micro controller can be operated at high frequencies and it consumes low power. Thus it is ideal for many projects.

There are different types of UPS. They are OFF line UPS and ON line UPS. This paper focuses on the design of Offline UPS. Because it is mostly prepared than ON line UPS. For example, it finds its application in the household appliances, a personal computer, and so on.

The transistors used in this UPS design are replaced, as MOSFET’S because of its certain special features are positive temperature coefficient so that it has high current carrying capability. It has low switching losses and the MOSFET turn on and turn off can be obtained rapidly. Also it is easily available and has switching performance.

INTRODUCTION: -    

         The conventional UPS system involves complex control system. In order to reduce the complexity of the control  system of conventional UPS embedded controller are currently being used. This project describes the design and implementation of  1KVA UPS using micro controller. The micro controller used here are AT89C51 because of its high memory capacity. The type of UPS involved in our project is OFF LINE UPS.

            An UPS is one, which provides uninterrupted power to the load. UPS is essential for computers, data processors, data transmitters, microwave relay station, Nuclear reactor control, etc., There are two major types of UPS. They are ON LINE UPS and OFF LINE UPS. The off line-UPS are one that supplies power during the commercial power failure and the charge over takes place through relay automatically. The ON LINE UPS is one, which virtually free from dips, fluctuations as it works on the battery all the time irrespective of the commercial power failure. This project describes the design of OFF LINE UPS because of its extensive use.

 

 

UPS SPECFICATIONS:-         

     Output Power          :- 1 KVA

     Output Voltage       :- 230V

     Output Frequency  :- 50Hz

      Battery input        :- 12V, 120AH

      Battery used         :- Lead acid Battery

      Charging Time      :- 8 Hours

      Discharging Time  :- 4 hours

      Type of UPS           :- OFF LINE UPS     

 

   MOSFET IN UPS DESIGN:-  

   In this project N- Channel MOSFET (IRFZ44) is used. Banks of MOSFET’s are used and they are connected in parallel fashion. Also, while connecting in parallel the layout should be symmetrical. During paralleling the gate of the MOSFET’s should not connected directly and it should be connected through resistors, which is called ferrite bead resistor. The drain source resistance of the MOSFET should be equal else it will cause thermal stabilizing effect. Also the drain source resistance greatly depends upon the dimension. At low voltages the Rds (on) of MOSFET is low. But it becomes high when the current is high.

 

   MOSFET SPECIFICATIONS (IRFZ44):-

             V_DSS                      :- 55V

             Rds (on)          :- 17.5mW

             I_D                     :- 49A     

  The special features of IRFZ44 are,

§  Ultra Low on Resistance

§  Fast switching

Why MOSFET, why not Power transistor?

—  Low switching losses,

—  Drive power required is low,

—  High current carrying capability,

—  Low voltage (4V) is required to turn on the MOSFET and energy efficient,

—  Self commutating, and

—  Reliable and can be operated at hazardous condition.

 

BATTERY:-    

              Battery is one of the major components of Battery. There are two major types of UPS. They are (1) Primary Batteries and (2) Secondary Batteries. The primary batteries are not chargeable. Some of the major types of primary batteries are Carbon Zinc, Alkaline, lithium cells and so on., The rechargeable batteries are most widely used type. Some of the major types of batteries are Ni-Cd, Lead acid batteries, Ni-Cd, NiMH, Rechargeable alkaline and Lithium ion. Recharging it can reuse these types of batteries. Of these types Lead acid batteries are mostly preferred because both the battery product and the manufacturing process are proven, economical and reliable. The lead acid batteries are discovered during 1950 and it is the most widely used battery in the world. Lead acid batteries remain popular because they can produce high and low currents. The reaction which occur inside the lead acid batteries are

      PbO2+Pb+H2So4 ® 2 PbSo4 + 2H2O

      When lead acid battery is discharged beyond certain limits, sulfation will occur and it results in permanent failure of the battery. Connecting deep discharge cut off circuit can prevent this. The indication for this sulfation is, the positive plate becomes light brown and the negative plates will become dull, off white.

BATTERY CHARGER:-    

          Battery has to be charged by a charger through supply mains. A lead acid battery should have 2.1V per cell when fully charged and while discharging it should be around 1.8V per cell else it will cause permanent damage to the battery. The charging and discharging of a battery is ideal at 12 hours rate which means that a 120AH battery is to be charged or discharged at 120/12 =10 amps rate. A 120AH battery when discharged at 10A rate will take 120/10 =12 hours to be completely discharged. But in practice it is observed that the battery will get discharged within about 11 ½ hours. In other words higher is the discharge rate the lower will be the capacity.   

 

    MICROCONTROLLER: -

         The micro controller is one of the major components in this design. It performs various control actions. There are different families of micro controller. This design uses AT89C51, which belongs to 8051 families. It is a 40 pin micro controller, which has 4 ports, and each takes 8 pins. Rest pins are designated for Vcc, GND, XTAL1 and XTAL2. The major advantages of 89C51 are high memory capacity, on chip ROM in the form of flash memory. In this design the various control actions to be done by the micro controller are

          (1) Deep discharge cut off

            (2) No load Release

            (3) Over voltage and under voltage cut off

            (4) Inverter operation

       Programming on the ports can do these functions.

          

  

 

 NO LOAD RELEASE: -

         When there is no load across the secondary terminals of inverter transformer T2 (0-230-600V as output tapping), its voltage shoots up to 290V. A sensing transformer (T1) which is connected across 0-230V tapping of T2, the output of this transformer is rectified by the rectifier circuit and filtered by L-C filter to smoothen the output of the filter is given to a non inverting terminal of the op-amp and the op-amp gives the logic “1”as output during no load condition. For normal loaded condition, output of the op-amp will be logic “0”. When the output is 1, switch off signal is send to the micro controller.

 

   DEEP DISCHARGE CUT OFF:-

        This circuit prevents the battery from deep discharge. There will be a preset value set by the potentiometer PR1 that is connected to the inverted terminal of the op-amp 741. When the battery voltage drops below the preset value output of the op-amp will be logic ”1” which is indicated by LED glow. When LED glows, then a switch off signal is send to micro controller.

 

   LOW BATTERY CUT OUT: -

       The circuit is built by op-amp 741. This circuit operates when low voltage occurs in the battery. The glow of the LED is the indication of the low voltage of the battery. The circuit is mainly involved while operating the inverter on the PC. By this indication the programmer can safely shut down the system safely after saving the programs.

 

 

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF  600VA UPS based 0n 89C51

 

ABSTRACT

UPS control using micro controller is highly reliable less complex and economical when compared the conventional UPS system. This paper explains about the design and implementation of UPS using micro controller. The micro controller is mainly used for control applications. So, micro controller is used for this proposed work. The main function of the UPS (uninterrupted power supply) is to provide an uninterrupted power supply and it should function automatically when the mains supply cutoff. This automatic function in the conventional UPS is done by control system. It involves certain complex work. So, in this proposed work, micro controller does the automation of the UPS. Some of the automatic functions to be done by the micro controller are overload protection, no load release, deep discharge cutoff and inverter operation.

There are different types of micro controller families. In this proposed work, the micro controller-89S52 because of its high on chip ROM capacity, RAM capacity, serial ports, input ports, etc. The micro controller 89S52 is superior in its memory capacity. This micro controller is best suited for fast development. Since flash memory can be erased in few seconds compared to the twenty minutes or more needed for the 8751. By this, 89S51 is used to eliminate the waiting time needed to erase the chip and thereby speedup the development time. It is a 40 pin micro controller in which 3 pins are used for serial interfacing, i.e., one acts as receiver another acts a transmitter and the third as ground. By this we can interface any components serially, it has 4 ports, port 0, port 1,port 2 and port 3 and it is used for various functions of UPS such as on load release, deep discharge cutoff and so on. This micro controller can be operated at high frequencies and it consumes low power. Thus it is ideal for many projects.

There are different types of UPS. They are OFF line UPS and ON line UPS. This paper focuses on the design of Offline UPS. Because it is mostly prepared than ON line UPS. For example, it finds its application in the household appliances, a personal computer, and so on.

The transistors used in UPS design are replaced, as MOSFET’S because of its certain special features as positive temperature coefficient so that it has high current carrying capability. It has low switching losses and the MOSFET turn on and turn off can be obtained rapidly. Also it is easily available and has switching performance.

         The conventional UPS system involves complex control system. In order to reduce the complexity of the control  system of conventional UPS embedded controller are currently being used. This project describes the design and implementation of 1KVA.

 

VLSI design Based Three phase power Inverter Gating

A three phase inverter is a common unit found in industrial drives meant for control of induction motors. Convention gating circuit meant for gating of inverters has the following problems.

1. Circuit Delays. Large complicated circuits running at very high frequencies have one big problem to tackle - the problem of delays in propagation of signals through gates and wires ... even for areas a few micrometers across! The operation speed is so large that as the delays add up, they can actually become comparable to the clock speeds.  

2. Power. Another effect of high operation frequencies is increased consumption of power. This has two-fold effect - devices consume batteries faster, and heat dissipation increases. Coupled with the fact that surface areas have decreased, heat poses a major threat to the stability of the circuit itself.  

3. Layout. Laying out the circuit components is task common to all branches of electronics. What's so special in our case is that there are many possible ways to do this; there can be multiple layers of different materials on the same silicon, there can be different arrangements of the smaller parts for the same component and so on.  

    This project demonstrates the use of a VLSI kit for the gating of three phase inverter in different modes.

ADVANTAGES OVER ANALOG SYSTEMS

• No temperature drift of tuning parameters
• Component count dramatically reduced resulting in higher Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
• Enclosure density and size dramatically reduced.
• Fewer wiring connections.
• All tuning and adjustments are made in software thus hardware adjustments which are error prone and not easily reversible are not required

 

 

 

Journal Publication Fees – Scopus indexed Journals

 

S. No	Details- specifications	Cost
1	- Problem Formulation , - Literature Review and Internet Charges - Convention method MATLAB Data verification - Updated Model using intelligent technique - without Simulation   - Journal Writing – Notes making – Answers to Review    Typing, Notes making  and Printing Charges - Drawing works in AutoCAD - Technical English Grammar check	10,000 10,000 10,000       50,000
2	Consultation Fees	10,000

                                    

                               Total                          Rs 90,000 (Ninety Thousand only)

 

This quote is valid with two complete orginal M.Tech project simulation models

 

       Please make the above mentioned payment as soon as possible, so that we can start your project. Time will be Two year from the date of payment of full amount.

***** Journal publication Fees not included in this Quote*******

Thanking you              

R.SENTHIL KUMAR, B.E, M.E, (PhD).
Technical Advisor ESS,

 

IEEE based projects for B.E, M.E and Ph.D

EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Email: expertsystems.solutions@gmail.com,

            expertsyssol@gmail.com,

 Cell: 9952749533,

    www.researchprojects.in

  PAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI

Call For Research Projects

     Final year students of B.E in

EEE, ECE, EI

M.E (Power Systems)

M.E (Applied Electronics)

M.E (Power Electronics)

Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.

Training

   Students can assemble their hardware in our Research labs. Experts will be guiding the projects.

Machines

1.        Design of Polyphase squirrel cage induction motor

2.        Design of 3phase distribution transformer

3.        Performance of induction motor – Computer aided study

4.        Computer Aided Design of induction motor

5.        Design of transformer using  Genetic  Algorithm

6.        Design of D.C machine using FEA.

Power system

1.        Short circuit analysis in C++

2.        Micro controller based automatic Tap changer

3.        Generation optimization   using genetic algorithm

4.        Transformer design in MATLAB

5.        Power system software – design & computations

6.        Microprocessor based automatic power factor monitor cum controller

7.        Solution of Power system Analysis using neural networks

8.        Unit Commitment in interconnected power system

9.        DSP based Study of Power System Transients

Power Electronics

1.        Thyristor controlled reactor  compensator for  

       fast  changing loads

2.        Thyristor Automatic Voltage - Fuzzy Logic

3.        MOSFET based UPS design

4.        Design of IGBT based inverter

5.        Thyristrorised power controller

6.        Optimal voltage and frequency Selection

       for A.C  drives in C

7.        Micro controller based online UPS

8.        Wind energy generator

9.        Microprocessor based DC motor

        control using SCR

10.      Computer based speed control of   DC motor

11.      Microprocessor based automatic  

        synchronization

12.     Fuzzy logic based speed control,

        digital time  switch

13.     Uninterrupted power supply using power  

       transistors

14.     Microprocessor based maximum demand  

        controller

Embedded Systems

1.        Micro controller based speed control of AC machine

2.        Firing angle control for Thyristors

3.        Microcontroller based thermo meter

4.        Micro controller based Annunicator System

5.        PWM using micro-controllers

6.        V/F controller using Micro controllers

7.        Power plant monitoring using embedded controllers

8.        Fuzzy implementation using  PIC Microcontrollers

9.        PIC based Speed and torque control in machines

10.     Design of embedded inverters

11.     Micro Controller based C.R.O  using P.C

12.     LIN coding for PIC

 Electronics

1.        PC based security system

2.        Expert system for electronic circuit trouble shooting

3.        Automation of plant using process computer

4.        Heart beat monitor

5.        PLC based automatic station announcer

6.        Industrial automation Via PC-PC communication

7.        PC based phase controller using graphic user interface

8.        Micro-controller based I.M Protection System

9.        Embedded micro controller based Heart lung machine using robotics

10.     Remote SCADA

11.     Expert system for electronic   circuit trouble shooting

12.     Expert system for electronic circuit trouble shooting

13.     PLC for Factory automation

14.     Ozone generation from  Corona

Microprocessor and PC

1.        Microprocessor based temperature control

2.        Processor based automatic temperature control

3.        Microprocessor based automatic power factor monitor cum controller

4.        Micro controller based AC volt stabilizer and furnace safeguard supervisory system

5.        PC based data acquisition card register

6.        Microprocessor based accurate automatic conveyor controller

PC based steam controller with

1.        Digital filter design using DSP – HARDWARE

2.        DSP application in speech processing

3.        Cryptography – in network security and image processing

4.        Hearing aid with selective frequency amplification

5.        PWM using TMS320C50 processors

6.        Speed control of induction motor using constant V/HZ

7.        TMS320C240 and micro controller based linear position measuring system

8.        Data compression for telecommunication application

Artificial Neural Network

1.        Image compression based on lifting scheme

2.        Load forecasting in power systems using ANN

3.        EHV fault location using ANN

4.        Transformer fault identification using ANN

5.       Pattern identification using ANN

     
PROJECT AREAS OF WORK INCLUDES
    Embedded system ,VLSI design, ANN, Fuzzy Logic, Power system, Power Electronics, Machines ,Control system ,Bio medical, Communication Engineering, GPS, GSM, Wireless Communication.Electrical Engineering Projects for Research students